Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 341-352 (2023)
SHEAR BEHAVIOUR OF DEMOUNTABLE CONNECTIONS WITH
BOLTS AND HEADED STUDS
Isidora Jakovljević *, Milan Spremić and Zlatko Marković
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
*(Corresponding author: E-mail:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
Received: 20 December 2022; Revised: 15 May 2023; Accepted: 16 May 2023
DOI:10.18057/IJASC.2023.19.4.3
 View Article |
Export Citation: Plain Text | RIS | Endnote |
ABSTRACT
Following the trend of sustainable development and structure reuse, many novel solutions related to demountable shear connectors for application in steel-concrete composite beams have been proposed in recent years. This paper provides a further contribution to the research field by proposing a demountable connection with bolts and welded headed studs. The transfer of shear force between a steel flange and a composite concrete slab cast in an open trough profiled steel sheeting is indirect, passing through a steel plate or angles. The proposed solution enables convenient dismantling and reuse of both the composite slab and the steel profile. The experimental investigation included push-out tests, performed to assess the connection shear behaviour, determine resistance and ductility, and identify failure modes. Various configurations of the demountable connection were analysed, including connections with continuous and discontinuous slabs over the support. The response of the suggested demountable solution was compared to the corresponding non-demountable shear connection with headed studs. According to experimental investigation, finite element models were developed, and their accuracy was validated by comparing numerical predictions with experimental results. Parametric studies were conducted using numerical models to evaluate the effects of key parameters on the connection performance, such as plate and angle thickness, stirrup reinforcement position, and transverse distance between a headed stud and slab edge. Directions for design were proposed taking into account the results obtained.
KEYWORDS
Reusability, Shear connection, Steel-concrete composite beam, Profiled steel sheeting, Push-out test, Finite element analysis
REFERENCES
[1] Brambilla G, Lavagna M, Vasdravellis G, Castiglioni CA. Environmental ben-efits arising from demountable steel-concrete composite floor systems in buildings. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2019;141:133–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.014.
[2] Dallam LN. Pushout tests with high strength bolt shear connectors. Missouri State Highway Department; 1968.
[3] Dallam LN, Harpster JL. Composite beam tests with high-strength bolt shear con-nectors. Missouri State Highway Department; 1968.
[4] Marshall W, Nelson H, Banerjee H. An Experimental Study of the Use of High-Strength Friction Grip Bolts as Shear Connectors In Composite Beams. Structural Engineer 1971;49:171–8.
[5] Jakovljević I, Spremić M, Marković Z. Demountable composite steel-concrete floors: A state-of-the-art review. Journal of the Croatian Association of Civil En-gineers 2021;73:249–63. https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.2932.2020.
[6] Pardeshi RT, Patil YD. Review of various shear connectors in composite structures. Advanced Steel Construction 2021;17:394–402. https://doi.org/10.18057/IJASC.2021.17.4.8.
[7] Kwon G, Engelhardt MD, Klingner RE. Behavior of post-installed shear connect-ors under static and fatigue loading. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 2010;66:532–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCSR.2009.09.012.
[8] Chen Y-T, Zhao Y, West JS, Walbridge S. Behaviour of steel–precast composite girders with through-bolt shear connectors under static loading. Journal of Con-structional Steel Research 2014;103:168–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCSR.2014.09.001.
[9] Liu X, Bradford MA, Lee MSS. Behavior of High-Strength Friction-Grip Bolted Shear Connectors in Sustainable Composite Beams. Journal of Structural Engi-neering 2015;141:04014149. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001090.
[10] Ataei A, Zeynalian M. A study on structural performance of deconstructable bolted shear connectors in composite beams. Structures 2021;29:519–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ISTRUC.2020.11.065.
[11] Kwon G, Engelhardt MD, Klingner RE. Experimental Behavior of Bridge Beams Retrofitted with Postinstalled Shear Connectors. Journal of Bridge Engineering 2011;16:536–45. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000184.
[12] Pavlović M, Marković Z, Veljković M, Buđevac D. Bolted shear connectors vs. headed studs behaviour in push-out tests. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 2013;88:134–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.05.003.
[13] Henderson IEJ, Zhu XQ, Uy B, Mirza O. Dynamic behaviour of steel-concrete composite beams with different types of shear connectors. Part I: Experimental study. Engineering Structures 2015;103:298–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.08.035.
[14] Ban H, Uy B, Pathirana SW, Henderson I, Mirza O, Zhu X. Time-dependent behav-iour of composite beams with blind bolts under sustained loads. Journal of Con-structional Steel Research 2015;112:196–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.05.004.
[15] Pathirana SW, Uy B, Mirza O, Zhu X. Strengthening of existing composite steel-concrete beams utilising bolted shear connectors and welded studs. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 2015;114:417–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.09.006.
[16] Pathirana SW, Uy B, Mirza O, Zhu X. Flexural behaviour of composite steel-concrete beams utilising blind bolt shear connectors. Engineering Structures 2016;114:181–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.01.057.
[17] Dai XH, Lam D, Saveri E. Effect of Concrete Strength and Stud Collar Size to Shear Capacity of Demountable Shear Connectors. Journal of Structural Engineering 2015;141:04015025. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001267.
[18] Yang F, Liu Y, Jiang Z, Xin H. Shear performance of a novel demountable steel-concrete bolted connector under static push-out tests. Engineering Structures 2018;160:133–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.01.005.
[19] Kozma A, Odenbreit C, Braun MV, Veljkovic M, Nijgh MP. Push-out tests on demountable shear connectors of steel-concrete composite structures. Structures 2019;21:0–1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2019.05.011.
[20] Suwaed ASH, Karavasilis TL. Novel Demountable Shear Connector for Accelerated Disassembly, Repair, or Replacement of Precast Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges. Journal of Bridge Engineering 2017;22:04017052. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0001080.
[21] Suwaed ASH, Karavasilis TL. Removable shear connector for steel-concrete com-posite bridges. Steel and Composite Structures 2018;29:107–23. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.29.1.107.
[22] Luo Y-B, Sun S-K, Yan J-B, Zhao Y-C, Lam D. Shear behavior of novel demounta-ble bolted shear connector for prefabricated composite beam. Advanced Steel Con-struction 2022;18:745–52. https://doi.org/10.18057/IJASC.2022.18.4.2.
[23] Wang L, Webster MD, Hajjar JF. Pushout tests on deconstructable steel-concrete shear connections in sustainable composite beams. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 2019;153:618–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.10.020.
[24] Rehman N, Lam D, Dai X, Ashour AF. Experimental study on demountable shear connectors in composite slabs with profiled decking. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 2016;122:178–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.03.021.
[25] Yang J, Lam D, Dai X, Sheehan T. Experimental study on demountable shear con-nectors in profiled composite slabs. Proceedings 12th international conference on Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures - ASCCS 2018, Valencia: Uni-versitat Politècnica València; 2018, p. 115–21. https://doi.org/10.4995/ASCCS2018.2018.6959.
[26] Dai X, Lam D, Sheehan T, Yang J, Zhou K. Use of bolted shear connectors in com-posite construction. Proceedings 12th international conference on Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures - ASCCS 2018, Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València; 2018, p. 475–82. https://doi.org/10.4995/ASCCS2018.2018.7039.
[27] EN1994-1-1. Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures. Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. Brussels: CEN; 2004.
[28] Girão Coelho AM, Lawson M, Lam D, Yang J, Lawson RM, Lam D, et al. Guidance on demountable composite construction systems for UK practice. Ascot: SCI; 2020.
[29] Jakovljević I, Spremić M, Marković Z. Methods for life extension of multi-storey car park buildings. Structural Engineering International 2023;33:314–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2022.2073318.
[30] ArcelorMittal. Cofraplus® 60 n.d. https://construction.arcelormittal.com/fr-en/product/floors/composite-floors/cofraplus-60 (accessed August 1, 2021).
[31] EN1993-1-8. Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures. Part 1-8: Design of joints. Brussels: CEN; 2005.
[32] Eggert F. Einfluss der Verdübelung auf das Trag- und Verformungsverhalten von Verbundträgern mit und ohne Profilblech. Universität Stuttgart, 2019.
[33] Vigneri V. Load bearing mechanisms of headed stud shear connections in profiled steel sheeting transverse to the beam. University of Luxembourg, 2021.
[34] Lawson RM, Aggelopoulos ES, Obiala R, Nellinger S, Kuhlmann U, Eggert F, et al. Development of Improved Shear Connection Rules in Composite Beams (DISCCO). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union; 2017.
[35] Spremic M, Markovic Z, Veljkovic M, Budjevac D. Push-out experiments of headed shear studs in group arrangements. Advanced Steel Construction 2013;9:139–60.
[36] EN1990:2010. Eurocode - Basis of structural design. Brussels: CEN; 2010.
[37] ISO6892-1:2009. Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature. Brussels: CEN; 2009.
[38] Arrayago I, Real E, Gardner L. Description of stress-strain curves for stainless steel alloys. Materials and Design 2015;87:540–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.001.
[39] Abaqus/CAE. User’s Guide. Providence: DS SIMULIA Corp.; 2009.
[40] Patel VI, Uy B, Pathirana SW, Wood S, Singh M, Trang BT. Finite element analysis of demountable steel-concrete composite beams under static loading. Advanced Steel Construction 2018;14:392–411. https://doi.org/10.18057/IJASC.2018.14.3.5.
[41] EN1992-1-1. Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures. Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. Brussels: CEN; 2004.
[42] Spremic M, Pavlovic M, Markovic Z, Veljkovic M, Budjevac D. FE validation of the equivalent diameter calculation model for grouped headed studs. Steel and Composite Structures 2018;26:375–86. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.26.3.375.